Dharma itself as livelihood

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  • Jundo
    Treeleaf Founder and Priest
    • Apr 2006
    • 40719

    #16
    I certainly would be able to raise donations around here if I could threaten people with fire and brimstone, or offer rebirth in one of the god realms like in Buddhist days of old.

    Alas, I cannot bring myself to do it! Soto-shu priests of the past used to offer to rescue women from what was known as the "Blood Pool Hell" based on their unclean nature. Of course, there was a small charge for services.

    Generally, Zen priests and monks are not seen as mediators and benefactors of the afterlife for their practitioners. However, in medieval to early modern Japan, priests took exactly this role; most…


    I should clarify, for folks not familiar with their Japanese Buddhist history, that for many centuries before and after Dogen and up to modern day, all Buddhism ... including the Zen schools ... at the local parish and popular level became primarily focused on such activities to appease the spirits and improve the fortunes of people. Neither local priests nor their parishioners were much concerned about Zazen or what Dogen had so say (in fact, Dogen and his writings were almost forgotten for several centuries until coming to enjoy a revival of interest since the 19th century). It is only in modern times, and especially with the coming of Zen and Buddhism to the West, that there has been a powerful revival of interest in the "higher" aspects of Buddhist philosophy and practice, Zazen for ordinary people and the like.

    These days in Japan, it is still the case that most people only go to their local Buddhist temples ... including Zen temple ... for ceremonies related to the spirits of their deceased ancestors. Very few go to practice Zazen, and even only a minority of priests (in a survey a few years ago, I believe only about 20%) report that they sit Zazen. This is mostly do, I believe, to the fact that most Zen and other Buddhist Priests in Japan these days only became priests to inherit the family temple from their fathers and, once their training in the monastery was over, they left much of it behind. Further, not everyone now ... or in centuries past ... had the education or personal interest to delve into the "higher" practices and beliefs even of their own sect in which they were priests!

    This is true, by the way, not only in Japan but almost any place in Asia, where "day to day" Buddhism was centered mostly on the concerns of ordinary folks in this world and any rebirth, and most priests and monks do not even known aspects of the teachings of their own sects that many westerners now know reading a copy of Tricycle! The aspects of Buddhism (the philosophy and practices) that most westerners are interested in are often unfamiliar even to ordinary priests in Asia from Thailand to Tibet! (A book on the subject):



    Many Japanese, Chinese, Korean and other Buddhist temples still make a good portion of their "income" from ceremonies not unlike those in the past. One common now in Japan is the "Mizuko Kuyo", a series of ceremonies and other spiritual services to appease and help the spirits of deceased, stillborn or aborted children. Some temples, unfortunately, have been known to quite aggressively play upon the guilt of the parents. However, these ceremonies also have a very positive side for many participants, and many of the priests who lead the ceremonies are doing so for positive reasons too.



    Many of the Japanese priests who brought "Zen to the West" like Shunryu Suzuki, Maezumi and our own Nishiijima, were rebelling from much of the above, and hoping to restore the focus of Zen Practice back upon Zazen. What we practice may be "Buddhist Modernism", but many of the reforms ... the equality of women, greater emphasis on lay practice, avoidance of some extremes of superstitious belief, for example ... are actually all positive changes in my book!

    An essay penned by me in honor of my Teacher, Nishijima Roshi, who died this past month. It is about his way of practicing Zen and how he saw Buddhism changing as it came West and into modern times ... You can check it out here: https://web.archive.org/web/20160324081542/http://sweepingzen.com/eight-ways-gudo-wafu-nishijima


    Anyway, I wandered off the topic.

    Money. like a hammer, can be used for construction or destruction, to build or as a weapon. Money can be put to positive purposes (building something) or negative (as an object of attachment). I do not see anything wrong in clergy being paid a living wage for their activities, especially if married with family. However, there must also be checks and balances to make sure the funds are not misused or gathered for the wrong reasons.

    Gassho, J
    Last edited by Jundo; 10-20-2014, 03:42 AM.
    ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

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    • jphiled
      Member
      • Sep 2014
      • 56

      #17
      Hi Jundo,

      On the subject of Soto-shu monks in the past and their "worldly services", you (or perhaps others here) might be interested in reading Prof. Bodiford's history of Soto Zen. It's a bit dense and a bit dated, but it's a pretty thorough study on the lesser-understood aspects of Soto Zen life. He covers one section in great detail about many of these lay services including "kechimyaku" for lay people, which was a way of sort ordaining a lay person into the order without actually becoming a monk (not sure if they still do this), plus exorcisms, etc.

      Bodiford doesn't absolve the behavior (nor would anyone), but does show it's a bit more nuanced than what people looking back might think. Religious competition was very high between different schools and one had to sink or swim in those days, which required patronage from powerful people (kind of like celebrity endorsements now ), among other things.

      Of course, if you one is looking for blessing in Buddhism, I found this old sutra from the Pali Canon to be a really good guide: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipit...2.04.nara.html

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      • Jundo
        Treeleaf Founder and Priest
        • Apr 2006
        • 40719

        #18
        Hi Doug,

        Do you mean this modern classic by Prof. Bodiford?

        Soto Zen in Medieval Japan



        Yes, it remains the standard in English about the period. However, it does not really cover the later centuries and Edo Period. For that I recommend this other book by a Soto Priest and Historian ...

        The Other Side of Zen: A Social History of Sōtō Zen : Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan
        By Duncan Ryūken Williams



        Popular understanding of Zen Buddhism typically involves a stereotyped image of isolated individuals in meditation, contemplating nothingness. This book presents the "other side of Zen," by examining the movement's explosive growth during the Tokugawa period (1600-1867) in Japan and by shedding light on the broader Japanese religious landscape during the era. Using newly-discovered manuscripts, Duncan Ryuken Williams argues that the success of Soto Zen was due neither to what is most often associated with the sect, Zen meditation, nor to the teachings of its medieval founder Dogen, but rather to the social benefits it conveyed.

        Zen Buddhism promised followers many tangible and attractive rewards, including the bestowal of such perquisites as healing, rain-making, and fire protection, as well as "funerary Zen" rites that assured salvation in the next world. Zen temples also provided for the orderly registration of the entire Japanese populace, as ordered by the Tokugawa government, which led to stable parish membership.

        Williams investigates both the sect's distinctive religious and ritual practices and its nonsectarian participation in broader currents of Japanese life. While much previous work on the subject has consisted of passages on great medieval Zen masters and their thoughts strung together and then published as "the history of Zen," Williams' work is based on careful examination of archival sources including temple logbooks, prayer and funerary manuals, death registries, miracle tales of popular Buddhist deities, secret initiation papers, villagers' diaries, and fund-raising donor lists.


        Of course, I am only recommending these books for real Japanese Buddhist history wonks, not as general reading.

        Gassho, J
        Last edited by Jundo; 10-20-2014, 10:35 AM.
        ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

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        • Jundo
          Treeleaf Founder and Priest
          • Apr 2006
          • 40719

          #19
          Again Doug and everyone, I do not wish to discount the very positive and healthful social, psychological and spiritual functions that such things as funeral ceremonies, memorials for lost children, healing ceremonies and the like include. It is not black or white. For example, while a temple may charge a fee for a ceremony for an aborted child's spirit, and while it may help feed the priest and while perhaps some of us may doubt the actual effect of a healing ceremony, there is no doubt that people receive very real comfort and spiritual healing at the same time.

          I do not want to sound as if I am merely being critical of a priest earning donations in such ways. I myself would not as a rule, but that is a personal choice. Further, I have had an envelope with money donation pressed into my hands after performing friends' funerals or a speaking engagement to another Buddhist Sangha, and I have accepted them ... although I believe that I previously redonated the contents to charity.

          Gassho, Jundo
          Last edited by Jundo; 10-20-2014, 10:33 AM.
          ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

          Comment

          • jphiled
            Member
            • Sep 2014
            • 56

            #20
            Originally posted by Jundo
            Do you mean this modern classic by Prof. Bodiford?

            Soto Zen in Medieval Japan

            http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-2028-9780824833039.aspx
            Yes, that was the one. Thanks for the other book suggestion. You're right, Bodiford's book only goes up to a certain point. I would be interested in reading the other book too, speaking as a history wonk.

            Comment

            • jphiled
              Member
              • Sep 2014
              • 56

              #21
              Originally posted by Jundo
              I do not want to sound as if I am merely being critical of a priest earning donations in such ways. I myself would not as a rule, but that is a personal choice. Further, I have had an envelope with money donation pressed into my hands after performing friends' funerals or a speaking engagement to another Buddhist Sangha, and I have accepted them ... although I believe that I previously redonated the contents to charity.
              Your point is well-taken Jundo, and I don't anyone here will call you overly critical. I think you bring up some very valuable points on both sides of the argument.

              I vaguely recall in the original monastic code, still observed in some Buddhist communities, that monks would have to accept donations whether they wanted to or not, as it would otherwise deprive the giver the merit they of giving. On the other hand, they're forbidden for asking anything either. So, just my imho, I think you're personal policy is great. Compare this to monastics (i.e. fully-fledged bhikkhus) who wear designer glasses and drive in limos, etc.

              On the notion of positive benefits, I was on the fence in the past until after the 2011 Japan Earthquake. On Japanese TV (which I can understand only somewhat), I remember seeing a priest in Fukushima Prefecture doing a lot of such services for families who lost loved ones. He was just a local neighborhood priest and a local 'parochial' temple, but he would regularly "make the rounds" and just talk with people in the town, ask how they're doing, helping with supplies, and giving religious comfort where needed. This seemed like a good example of a priest coming to the fore when the need is there. During crisis, it's interesting to see how people change.

              But, for every good priests there's rotten one's too. I tend to think of it like a Bell curve: a few really good, saintly priests on one end, a few scoundrels on the other, and a lot of mediocre ones somewhere in the middle.

              Also, my thought on the matter changed after reading a Q&A letter by Honen, a contemporary priest of Dogen that went something like this:

              142) Is there merit in giving alms to a priest who has violated the precepts or to an ignorant priest?
              Honen's answer had been that given the times they lived in (a period of political and religous decline) that one should honor even such priests as one would honor the Buddha. It seemed a bit surprising to me, but I think his attitude (possibly biased since he was a priest ) was that people are people and it's better to respect others than to judge them.

              Anyhoos, that's my two-cents.

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              • Biko
                Member
                • Sep 2013
                • 208

                #22
                Fascinating stuff. This near-death and eventual rebirth in a new culture seem to be a pattern with the dharma. And how fascinating that now it has landed on our soil in such a tumultuous time period yet so fertile for it's growth. I was watching a little clip on John Daido Roshi today and he was saying how fortunate we are to be born in a time and place where the dharma is being born anew.

                Gassho,
                Jeffrey
                "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived."
                Henry David Thoreau, Walden

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                • Ongen
                  Member
                  • Jan 2014
                  • 786

                  #23
                  Of course clergy has to eat! There is a line though between right livelihood and misuse of status. Here in Holland there is one (self proclaimed as it turned out) 'zen master' who charges 350 euro (about 300 usd) a month for a zen-teacher course. After 8 years of training and about 33,000 euros, you're an 'official zen teacher'!

                  That to me is just wrong. If one dedicates his or her whole life to teaching I think, when options like Jundo has are not available, charging a decent amount for lectures and so on is not unfair. But it should always take into account the needs of people who perhaps can not afford it but seek guidance.

                  Gassho

                  Vincent
                  #SatToday





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