The Zen of Technology & Scientific Discovery! (& Robots)

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  • Jundo
    Treeleaf Founder and Priest
    • Apr 2006
    • 40317

    Did you feel it?

    Cosmic Flash: Earth Struck by Historic Gamma-Ray Burst From Exploding Star

    An enormous burst of gamma rays, detected by ESA’s Integral space telescope, has struck Earth [At 14:21 BST / 15:21 CEST on October 9, 2022]. The blast caused a significant disturbance in our planet’s ionosphere. Such disturbances are usually associated with energetic particle events on the Sun but this one was the result of an exploding star almost two billion light-years away. Analyzing the effects of the blast could provide information about the mass extinctions in Earth’s history.

    ... “It was probably the brightest gamma-ray burst we have ever detected,” says Mirko Piersanti, University of L’Aquila, Italy, and lead author of the team that published these results. ... So strong in fact that its nearest rival on record is ten times weaker. Statistically, a GRB as strong as GRB 221009A arrives at Earth only once every 10,000 years. ... Gamma-ray bursts were once mysterious events but are now recognized to be the outpouring of energy from exploding stars called supernovae, or from the collision of two super-dense neutron stars. ...

    ... This particular GRB took place in a galaxy almost 2 billion light-years away – hence two billion years ago – yet it still had enough energy to affect Earth. ...

    https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-flas...xploding-star/


    Do you know that SATURN'S RINGS WILL DISAPPEAR SOON!!!! (well, for awhile) ...


    Unveiling Saturn’s Secrets: Eclipses Reveal Ring Transparency

    Τhe main rings, which extend up to 140,000 km (90,000 miles) from the planet, but have a maximum thickness of only 1 km (0.6 miles), are to disappear from view from Earth by 2025. In that year the rings will be tilted edge-on to Earth, making it almost impossible to view them. They will tilt back towards Earth during the next phase of Saturn’s 29-year orbit and will continue to become more visible and brighter until 2032.

    ...

    https://scitechdaily.com/unveiling-s...-transparency/
    Shining a light on the dark ...

    Cosmic Clarity: Gravitational Lensing Reveals the Fine Fabric of Dark Matter

    A team of researchers has used the gravitational lensing of the MG J0414+0534 system, observed with ALMA, to map dark matter distribution in unprecedented detail, confirming theories of cold dark matter and paving the way for further discoveries about the universe’s dominant but elusive component. ... Mysterious dark matter accounts for most of the matter in the Universe. Dark matter is invisible and makes itself know only through its gravitational effects. Dark matter has never been isolated in a laboratory, so researchers must rely on “natural experiments” to study it.

    [Below] Dark matter fluctuations in the lens system MG J0414+0534. The whitish blue color represents the gravitationally lensed images observed by ALMA. The calculated distribution of dark matter is shown in orange; brighter regions indicate higher concentrations of dark matter and dark orange regions indicate lower concentrations.



    You can fly to Jupiter! ... or, at least, your name can ...

    Fly Your Name to Jupiter’s Moon: Join NASA’s Europa Odyssey

    Six weeks remain for you to add your name to a microchip that will ride aboard the spacecraft as it explores Jupiter’s moon Europa.

    [The process by which they do it is even more interesting!] ....


    https://scitechdaily.com/fly-your-na...uropa-odyssey/
    I posted this before, but worth mentioning again ...

    CRISPR treatment has been greenlit in UK in global first. Here’s who it could help

    The United Kingdom has become the first country to give regulatory approval to a medical treatment involving the revolutionary CRISPR gene editing tool.

    The country’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency said Thursday it had given a greenlight to a treatment known as Casgevy, which will be used to treat sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. Both genetic conditions are caused by errors in the genes for hemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. There is no known universally successful treatment for either disorder.

    Sickle cell disease, which can result in attacks of debilitating pain, is more common in people with an African or Caribbean family background. Beta thalassemia mainly affects people of Mediterranean, South Asian, Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern origin, the statement said.

    ... The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique allows scientists to make very precise changes to DNA. Its inventors — Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna — won a Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2020.

    Casgevy isn’t a simple pill or injection. The treatment, made by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, is administered by taking stem cells out of a patient’s bone marrow and editing a gene in the cells in a lab. Patients then must undergo a “conditioning treatment,” which can involve an immunosuppressing drug, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, to prepare the bone marrow before the modified cells are infused back into the patient, according to the MHRA.

    “After that, patients may need to spend at least a month in a hospital facility while the treated cells take up residence in the bone marrow and start to make red blood cells with the stable form of haemoglobin,” according to the statement.

    The US Food and Drug Administration is evaluating the same treatment and is expected to make a decision on whether to greenlight it by December 8. ... The release from the MHRA did not say how much the treatment would cost, but it’s likely to be expensive.

    The United Kingdom has become the first country to give regulatory approval to a medical treatment involving the revolutionary CRISPR gene editing tool.

    This is not good news ... ... although maybe will help with over-population

    Common pesticides in food reducing sperm count worldwide, study says

    Pesticides used in our homes, gardens and lawns and sprayed on foods we eat are contributing to a dramatic decline in sperm count among men worldwide, according to a new analysis of studies over the last 50 years.

    “Over the course of 50 years, sperm concentration has fallen about 50% around the world,” said senior study author Melissa Perry, dean of the College of Public Health at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia.

    “What is not known is the culprit,” Perry said. “While there are likely many more contributing causes, our study demonstrates a strong association between two common insecticides —organophosphates and N-methyl carbamates — and the decline of sperm concentration.”

    https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/15/health...ess/index.html
    And in case we stop reproducing ... this is faster than humans anyway ...

    The “Self-Driving Lab” That Unlocks Quantum Dot Secrets in Hours – Instead of Years

    Researchers have developed SmartDope, an autonomous system capable of rapidly identifying the best materials for electronic and photonic devices, addressing a longstanding challenge in quantum dot synthesis. SmartDope operates as a self-driving lab, conducting experiments in a continuous flow reactor and utilizing machine learning to optimize quantum dot production. In just one day, it surpassed the previous quantum yield record, showcasing the potential of self-driving labs for accelerating material science. ... It can take years of focused laboratory work to determine how to make the highest quality materials for use in electronic and photonic devices. Researchers have now developed an autonomous system that can identify how to synthesize “best-in-class” materials for specific applications in hours or days.

    ... The SmartDope system is a “self-driving” lab. ... Once it has received that initial information, SmartDope begins running experiments autonomously. The experiments are conducted in a continuous flow reactor that uses extremely small amounts of chemicals to conduct quantum dot synthesis experiments rapidly as the precursors flow through the system and react with each other. ...

    https://scitechdaily.com/smartdope-t...tead-of-years/
    A chip off the old block ...

    A Milestone in Computing: 2D In-Memory Processor With Over 1000 Transistors

    EPFL researchers have created an energy-efficient in-memory processor using MoS2, combining over 1000 transistors. This processor, which efficiently performs vector-matrix multiplication, represents a shift away from traditional von Neumann architecture and could boost the European semiconductor industry.

    https://scitechdaily.com/a-milestone...0-transistors/
    Ever see a pattern when sitting Zazen, facing the wall ...

    New Study Decodes Pareidolia in 40,000-Year-Old Cave Paintings

    New suggests that Ice Age cave art was partly influenced by pareidolia, a phenomenon where humans see meaningful shapes in random patterns. Focusing on caves in Northern Spain, the study found that many images incorporated natural features of the cave walls, indicating that artists were influenced by both pareidolia and their creativity.


    ... Top image: Upper Palaeolithic drawing of the partial outline of a horse that uses the natural edge of the cave wall to represent the back and head of the horse. Bottom image: The same horse drawing under the simulated VR light conditions. ...
    ... While Americans slowly return to being cavemen ...

    Americans’ trust in science declining, Pew survey says

    mericans’ trust in science and scientists has dropped since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to a new report by Pew Research Center.

    The percent of American adults who say science has a “mostly positive” effect on society fell to 57%, down 8 percentage points since November 2021 and 16 percentage points since just before the pandemic, according to the survey of more than 8,800 U.S. adults conducted in the last week of September. More than a third of respondents believed that the impact of science has been equally positive and negative, while 8% think science has a “mostly negative” impact on society.

    ... Trust in science wasn’t the same across the political spectrum: The Pew survey found that Republicans had less confidence in scientists and the benefits of science than Democrats. Less than half of Republicans (47%) said science has had a mostly positive effect on society, a decline from 70% in 2019. Sixty-nine percent of Democrats say science has had a mostly positive effect on society, although that has also declined by 8 points from 2019. ...

    ... Despite public opinion turning away from science, nearly three-quarters of U.S. adults expressed confidence in scientists to act in the public’s best interest. More Americans had at least some faith in scientists to act in the public’s best interest than other prominent groups, such as business leaders, religious leaders, journalists and elected officials. ...

    ... Wallace attributes the rise of scientific mistrust to what she described as an “infodemic” about Covid-19: an influx of conflicting information and opinions about the virus and prevention measures.

    “It led to a lot of public chaos, bewilderment, message fatigue and people just kind of checking out,” Wallace told CNN. “It just causes a lot of confusion because we have different people with big platforms saying different things.” ... “Everyone was at home on social media and interacting in these echo chambers filtering out any information they didn’t want to see,” Wallace said. “Different groups come to different conclusions because they’re interacting with different information.”

    And often, experts say, that flood of false information was intentional and malicious — attacking scientific voices in favor of inaccurate content.

    Dr. Peter Hotez, the dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, said a “revisionist history” popped up as the pandemic emerged, blaming scientists for seeding mistrust and exacerbating the harms of Covid-19.

    Americans’ trust in science and scientists has dropped since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to a new report by Pew Research Center.

    Gassho, J

    stlah
    ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

    Comment

    • Jundo
      Treeleaf Founder and Priest
      • Apr 2006
      • 40317

      Some truly POWERFUL and OUT OF THIS WORLD stories this week ... starting with ...

      Mysterious cosmic ray observed in Utah came from beyond our galaxy, scientists say - Astronomers Shocked by Mysterious Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray – “What the Heck Is Going On?”

      Space scientists seeking to understand the enigmatic origins of powerful cosmic rays have detected an extremely rare, ultra-high-energy particle that they believe traveled to Earth from beyond the Milky Way galaxy.

      The energy of this subatomic particle, invisible to the naked eye, is equivalent to dropping a brick on your toe from waist height, according to the authors of new research published Thursday in the journal Science. It rivals the single most energetic cosmic ray ever observed, the “Oh-My-God” particle that was detected in 1991, the study found.

      ... “If you hold out your hand, one (cosmic ray) goes through the palm of your hand every second, but those are really low-energy things,” said study coauthor John Matthews, a research professor at the University of Utah.

      “When you get out to these really high-energy (cosmic rays), it’s more like one per square kilometer per century. It’s never going through your hand.” ...

      ... The source of these ultra-high-energy particles baffles scientists.

      Matthews, a co-spokesman for the Telescope Array Collaboration, said the two biggest recorded cosmic rays appeared “sort of random” — when their trajectories are traced back, there appears to be nothing high-energy enough to produce such particles. The Amaterasu particle, specifically, seemed to originate from what’s known as the Local Void, an empty area of space bordering the Milky Way galaxy. “If you take the two highest-energy events — the one that we just found, the ‘Oh-My-God’ particle — those don’t even seem to point to anything. It should be something relatively close. Astronomers with visible telescopes can’t see anything really big and really violent,” Matthews said. ...

      https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/23/americ...scn/index.html
      Looking inward ...

      Webb telescope captures never-before-seen glimpse of the heart of the Milky Way

      The James Webb Space Telescope has looked into the heart of the Milky Way galaxy, unveiling new features and mysteries within the chaotic region that could help astronomers unravel more details about the early universe. ... Astronomers used Webb to glimpse Sagittarius C, or Sgr C, an active region of star formation located about 300 light-years from the galaxy’s central supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. A light-year, equivalent to 5.88 trillion miles (9.46 trillion kilometers), is how far a beam of light travels in one year. ... Studying the Milky Way’s center with Webb could provide insights into how many stars form there and whether massive stars are more likely to form near the galactic center rather than the galaxy’s spiral arms. “There’s never been any infrared data on this region with the level of resolution and sensitivity we get with Webb, so we are seeing lots of features here for the first time” ...

      ... There are an estimated 500,000 stars glittering within the image, all ranging in size and age. Among them are a cluster of protostars, or dense masses of dust and gas that are still developing and growing into full-fledged stars — including a massive protostar at the cluster’s center that has more than 30 times the mass of the sun.



      ALSO:




      This image of Sagittarius C (Sgr), captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), shows compass arrows, scale bar, and color key for reference.
      The north and east compass arrows show the orientation of the image on the sky. Note that the relationship between north and east on the sky (as seen from below) is flipped relative to direction arrows on a map of the ground (as seen from above).
      The scale bar is labeled in light-years, which is the distance that light travels in one Earth-year. (It takes 3 years for light to travel a distance equal to the length of the scale bar.) One light-year is equal to about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers. The field of view shown in this image is approximately 50 light-years long.
      Talk about a long distance call ...

      ‘First light’: NASA receives laser-beamed message from 10 million miles away

      An innovative experiment flying aboard NASA’s Psyche mission just hit its first major milestone by successfully carrying out the most distant demonstration of laser communications. The tech demo could one day help NASA missions probe deeper into space and uncover more discoveries about the origin of the universe. ... The experiment beamed a laser encoded with data from far beyond the moon for the first time. The test data was sent from nearly 10 million miles (16 million kilometers) away and reached the Hale Telescope at the California Institute of Technology’s Palomar Observatory in Pasadena, California. ...

      ... During first light, it took only 50 seconds for the laser to travel from Psyche to Earth. At the farthest distance between the spacecraft and Earth, the laser is expected to take 20 minutes to travel one way. And during that time, the spacecraft will continue to move and Earth will rotate. ...

      https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/24/world/...scn/index.html
      And we need good maps ...

      Gaia’s Galactic Cartography: Building the Most Detailed 3D Map of the Milky Way

      Gaia is creating an extraordinarily precise three-dimensional map of more than a billion stars throughout our Milky Way galaxy and beyond. It is mapping their motions, luminosity, temperature, and composition. This huge stellar census will provide the data needed to tackle an enormous range of important questions related to the origin, structure, and evolutionary history of our galaxy.

      https://scitechdaily.com/gaias-galac...the-milky-way/
      Jet power ...

      Giant Telescope – 8x the Size of Earth – Reveals Unprecedented View of Colossal Cosmic Jet

      Using a network of radio telescopes on Earth and in space, astronomers have captured the most detailed view ever of a jet of plasma shooting from a supermassive black hole at the heart of a distant galaxy.

      The jet, which comes from the heart of a distant blazar called 3C 279, travels at nearly the speed of light and shows complex, twisted patterns near its source. ... Blazars are the brightest and most powerful sources of electromagnetic radiation in the cosmos. They are a subclass of active galactic nuclei comprising galaxies with a central supermassive black hole accreting matter from a surrounding disk. About 10% of active galactic nuclei, classified as quasars, produce relativistic plasma jets. Bazars belong to a small fraction of quasars in which we can see these jets pointing almost directly at the observer. ...



      Then, looking down ...

      Unlocking Fundamental Mysteries: Using Near-Miss Particle Physics to Peer Into Quantum World

      In a breakthrough at CERN, scientists measured the elusive tau particle’s magnetic moment using near-miss particle interactions in the Large Hadron Collider. This method, marking a significant advancement in particle physics, has the potential to reveal unknown aspects of the universe’s fundamental nature. ...

      https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-f...quantum-world/
      ... and more to come ...
      Last edited by Jundo; 11-26-2023, 01:50 PM.
      ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

      Comment

      • Jundo
        Treeleaf Founder and Priest
        • Apr 2006
        • 40317

        New clues on the origin of life ...

        The Primordial Brew: How Ancient Seas Molded Life on Earth

        Recent research has shown that the formation of greenalite in ancient oceans played a crucial role in determining the availability of certain metals, such as manganese and molybdenum, which were vital for early life forms. ... All life uses nutrients such as zinc and copper to form proteins. The oldest lifeforms evolved in the Archean Eon, three and a half billion years before the dinosaurs first appeared. These microbes showed a preference for metals such as molybdenum and manganese compared to their more recent counterparts. This preference is thought to reflect the availability of metals in the ocean at that time. ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/the-primord...life-on-earth/

        Maps of space, and maps of the the connections within the brain ...

        Mind Mapping: A Human Brain Cell Atlas Ushering In “A New Era in Brain Science”

        Researchers from the Salk Institute, in a global collaboration, have produced a detailed atlas of human brain cells by analyzing over half a million cells. The study, part of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, marks a pivotal shift in understanding brain cell diversity and function. ... The research, published in a special issue of the journal Science on October 13, 2023, is the first time that techniques to identify brain cell subtypes originally developed and applied in mice have been applied to human brains. ...

        ... Every cell in a human brain contains the same sequence of DNA, but in different cell types different genes are copied onto strands of RNA for use as protein blueprints. This ultimate variation in which proteins are found in which cells—and at what levels—allows the vast diversity in types of brain cells and the complexity of the brain. Knowing which cells rely on which DNA sequences to function is critical not only to understanding how the brain works, but also how mutations in DNA can cause brain disorders and, relatedly, how to treat those disorders. ...

        ... Other research teams whose work is also published in the special issue of Science used cells from the same three human brains to test their own cell profiling techniques, including a group at UC San Diego led by Bing Ren—also a co-author in Ecker and Behrens’ study. Ren’s team revealed a link between specific brain cell types and neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and major depression. Additionally, the team developed artificial intelligence deep learning models that predict risk for these disorders. ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/mind-mappin...brain-science/
        Our brains should feel thankful for Microglia ...

        Microglia’s Key Function in Brain Development Uncovered

        Researchers have discovered the vital role of microglia in brain development by studying lab-grown brain organoids. ... Scientists have found that microglia play a crucial role in regulating the number of cells that become neurons in the brain, enhancing our understanding of brain development and disorders.

        ... The microglia-like cells were found to contain lipid droplets containing cholesterol, which were released and taken up by other developing brain cells in the organoids. This cholesterol exchange was shown to significantly enhance the growth and development of these brain cells, especially their progenitors. ... Cholesterol is abundant in the brain and constitutes about 25% of the body’s total cholesterol content. It is essential for the structure and function of neurons. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism has been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. ...

        BELOW: Super-resolution image of human stem cell-derived Microglia cells with labeled mitochondria (yellow), nucleus (magenta), and actin filaments (cyan).


        https://scitechdaily.com/microglias-...ent-uncovered/
        And don't forget the little brain ...

        Rethinking the “Little Brain” – The Surprising Learning Power of Cerebellar Nuclei

        Associative learning was always thought to be regulated by the cortex of the cerebellum, often referred to as the “little brain”. However, new research from a collaboration between the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, and Champalimaud Center for the Unknown reveals that actually the nuclei of the cerebellum make a surprising contribution to this learning process. ...

        If a teacup is steaming, you’ll wait a bit longer before drinking from it. And if your fingers get caught in the door, you’ll be more careful next time. These are forms of associative learning, where a positive or negative experience leads to learning behavior. We know that our cerebellum is important in this form of learning. But how exactly does this work? ...

        ... If you look at the cerebellum, you can distinguish two major parts in it: the cerebellar cortex, or the outer layer of the cerebellum, and the cerebellar nuclei, the inner part. These parts are interconnected. The nuclei are groups of brain cells that receive all kinds of information from the cortex. These nuclei in turn have connections to other brain areas that control movements, including eyelid closures. Essentially, the nuclei are the output center of the cerebellum. ... “The cerebellar cortex has long been regarded as the primary player in learning the reflex and timing of the eyelid closure. With this study, we show that well-timed eyelid closures can also be regulated by the cerebellar nuclei. " ...


        Now, on to future brains ...

        Twice As Powerful: Next-Gen AI Chip Mimics Human Brain for Power Savings

        Innovative new chip technology integrates data storage and processing, significantly boosting efficiency and performance. Inspired by the human brain, these chips, expected to be market-ready in three to five years, require interdisciplinary collaboration to meet industry security standards.

        https://scitechdaily.com/twice-as-po...power-savings/
        New Techniques From MIT and NVIDIA Revolutionize Sparse Tensor Acceleration for AI

        MIT and NVIDIA researchers have created two techniques to enhance sparse tensor processing, improving performance and energy efficiency in AI machine-learning models. These techniques optimize zero value handling, with HighLight accommodating a variety of sparsity patterns and Tailors and Swiftiles maximizing on-chip memory utilization through “overbooking.” The developments offer significant speed and energy usage improvements, enabling more specialized yet flexible hardware accelerators.

        https://scitechdaily.com/new-techniq...ration-for-ai/
        The Future of AI: Self-Learning Machines Could Replace Current Artificial Neural Networks

        Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have devised a more energy-efficient method for AI training, utilizing physical processes in neuromorphic computing. This approach, diverging from traditional digital neural networks, reduces energy consumption and optimizes training efficiency. The team is developing an optical neuromorphic computer to demonstrate this technology, aiming to significantly advance AI systems. ... New physics-based self-learning machines could replace the current artificial neural networks and save energy. ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/the-future-...ural-networks/
        On the other hand, there is intelligence, and then there is intelligence ...

        The Limits of AI: Why ChatGPT Isn’t Truly “Intelligent”

        A new paper argues that AI’s intelligence, as seen in systems like ChatGPT, is fundamentally different from human intelligence due to its lack of embodiment and understanding. This difference highlights that AI does not share human concerns or connections with the world. ... ... AI cannot be intelligent in the way that humans are, even though “it can lie and BS like its maker.” ...

        ... According to our everyday use of the word, AI is definitely intelligent, but there are intelligent computers and have been for years, Chemero explains in a paper he co-authored in the journal Nature Human Behaviour. ... “LLMs generate impressive text, but often make things up whole cloth,” he states. “They learn to produce grammatical sentences, but require much, much more training than humans get. They don’t actually know what the things they say mean,” he says. “LLMs differ from human cognition because they are not embodied.” ...
        ...
        The main takeaway is that LLMs are not intelligent in the way that humans are because they “don’t give a damn,” Chemero says, adding “Things matter to us. We are committed to our survival. We care about the world we live in.” ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/the-limits-...y-intelligent/
        ... not yet anyway ...

        From Pixels to Paradigms: MIT’s Synthetic Leap in AI Training

        MIT’s StableRep system uses synthetic images from text-to-image models for machine learning, surpassing traditional real-image methods. It offers a deeper understanding of concepts and cost-effective training but faces challenges like potential biases and the need for initial real data training. ... “We’re teaching the model to learn more about high-level concepts through context and variance, not just feeding it data,” says Lijie Fan, MIT PhD student in electrical engineering, affiliate of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), lead researcher on the work. “When multiple images, all generated from the same text, all treated as depictions of the same underlying thing, the model dives deeper into the concepts behind the images, say the object, not just their pixels.” ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/from-pixels...n-ai-training/
        Misuse for politics ...

        China is using the world’s largest known online disinformation operation to harass Americans, a CNN review finds

        The Chinese government has built up the world’s largest known online disinformation operation and is using it to harass US residents, politicians, and businesses—at times threatening its targets with violence, a CNN review of court documents and public disclosures by social media companies has found.

        The onslaught of attacks – often of a vile and deeply personal nature – is part of a well-organized, increasingly brazen Chinese government intimidation campaign targeting people in the United States, documents show.

        The US State Department says the tactics are part of a broader multi-billion-dollar effort to shape the world’s information environment and silence critics of Beijing that has expanded under President Xi Jinping. ... Victims face a barrage of tens of thousands of social media posts that call them traitors, dogs, and racist and homophobic slurs. They say it’s all part of an effort to drive them into a state of constant fear and paranoia.

        Often, these victims don’t know where to turn. Some have spoken to law enforcement, including the FBI – but little has been done. While tech and social media companies have shut down thousands of accounts targeting these victims, they’re outpaced by a slew of new accounts emerging virtually every day. ...

        https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/13/us/chi...nvs/index.html
        The sense of the separate "self" ... when and how does it develop? New answers:

        Four Months Old and Already Self-Aware: New Findings in Infant Psychology

        Research from the University of Birmingham shows that babies as young as four months can understand their body’s interaction with space. This study, involving a tactile and visual experiment, indicates that infants’ brains are capable of linking sight and touch, contributing to their spatial awareness. Further research is planned to investigate these abilities in newborns.

        ...
        Dr. Giulia Orioli, Research Fellow in Psychology at the University of Birmingham, who led the study said: “Our findings indicate that even in the first few months of life, before babies have even learned to reach for objects, the multisensory brain is wired up to make links between what babies see and what they feel. This means they can sense the space around them and understand how their bodies interact with that space. This is sometimes referred to as peripersonal space.

        “Of course, humans do this all the time as adults, using our combined senses to perceive where we are in space and making predictions about when we will touch an object or not. But now that we know that babies in the early stages of their development begin to show signs of this, it opens up questions about how much of these abilities are learned, or innate.” ...

        https://scitechdaily.com/four-months...nt-psychology/
        Gassho, J

        stlah
        Last edited by Jundo; 11-26-2023, 02:42 PM.
        ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

        Comment

        • Jundo
          Treeleaf Founder and Priest
          • Apr 2006
          • 40317

          The universe keeps moving, the world turning, life living ... all is stillness ...

          Our galaxy’s black hole spins fast and drags space-time with it, scientists say

          The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A*, is spinning rapidly and altering space-time around it, a new study has found.

          Space-time is the four-dimensional continuum that describes how we see space, fusing one-dimensional time and three-dimensional space together to represent the space fabric that curves in response to massive celestial bodies. ... The researchers confirmed that the black hole is spinning, which causes what is known as the Lense-Thirring effect. Also known as frame dragging, the Lense-Thirring effect is what happens when a black hole drags space-time along with its spin ...

          ... “With this spin, Sagittarius A* will be dramatically altering the shape of space-time in its vicinity,” Daly said. “We’re used to thinking and living in a world where all the spatial dimensions are equivalent — the distance to the ceiling and the distance to the wall and the distance to the floor … they all sort of are linear ... “But if you have a rapidly rotating black hole, the space-time around it is not symmetric — the spinning black hole is dragging all of the space-time around with it … it squishes down the space-time, and it sort of looks like a football,” she said. ...

          BELOW: Sagitarrius A*


          By looking at radio waves and X-ray emissions, a team of physicists has found black hole Sagittarius A* to be spinning — and altering space-time around it.
          This void is empty too ...

          Is a Giant Void Driving the Universe Apart?

          The recent “Hubble tension” in cosmology, marked by conflicting expansion rate measurements, raises questions about the standard cosmological model. A new theory posits that a giant, underdense void could account for these discrepancies, challenging traditional views of matter distribution in the universe and suggesting a potential overhaul of Einstein’s gravitational theory.

          ... In our new paper, we present one possible explanation: that we live in a giant void in space (an area with below average density). We show that this could inflate local measurements through outflows of matter from the void. Outflows would arise when denser regions surrounding a void pull it apart – they’d exert a bigger gravitational pull than the lower density matter inside the void.

          In this scenario, we would need to be near the center of a void about a billion light years in radius and with density about 20% below the average for the universe as a whole – so not completely empty.

          Such a large and deep void is unexpected in the standard model – and therefore controversial. The CMB gives a snapshot of structure in the infant universe, suggesting that matter today should be rather uniformly spread out. However, directly counting the number of galaxies in different regions does indeed suggest we are in a local void. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/lost-in-spa...niverse-apart/
          May Hubble Be Healthy, and at ease in all its ills ...

          Hubble’s Hiccup: Gyro Issue Causes NASA To Suspend Telescope Operations

          ... NASA is working to resume science operations of the agency’s Hubble Space Telescope after it entered safe mode on November 23 due to an ongoing gyroscope (gyro) issue. Hubble’s instruments are stable, and the telescope is in good health. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/hubbles-hic...pe-operations/
          Too big for its britches ...

          Massive exoplanet orbiting small star upends planet formation theories

          ... Astronomers are questioning the theories of planet formation after discovering an exoplanet that technically shouldn’t exist.

          The planet, about the mass of Neptune and more than 13 times as massive as Earth, was detected orbiting an ultracool M-dwarf star called LHS 3154 — which is nine times less massive than our sun. An M-dwarf star is the smallest and coolest type of star.

          The planet — dubbed LHS 3154b — closely whips around the star, completing one orbit every 3.7 Earth days, making it the most massive known planet in a close orbit around one of the coldest, low-mass stars in the universe, according to a new study published Thursday in the journal Science. It upends how scientists understand the formation of planetary systems. ...

          ... This graphic compares the sizes of our sun and Earth with the smaller, cooler LHS 3154 star and its orbiting planet, LHS 3154b.



          [ATTACH=CONFIG]9069[/ATTACH]

          https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/30/world/...scn/index.html
          Big is small, small is big ...

          Predictions of quantum field theory experimentally confirmed for the first time.

          Entanglement is a quantum phenomenon where the properties of two or more particles become interconnected in such a way that one cannot assign a definite state to each individual particle anymore. Rather, we have to consider all particles at once that share a certain state. The entanglement of the particles ultimately determines the properties of a material. ... “We have developed a more efficient description, that allows us to extract entanglement information from the system with drastically fewer measurements,” explains theoretical physicist Rick van Bijnen. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-t...ted-phenomena/
          We are the rivers, we are the earth ...

          Tectonic Tales of Life: How Geology Has Influenced Evolution for the Past 500 Million Years

          The movement of rivers, mountains, oceans, and sediment nutrients at the geological timescale are central drivers of Earth’s biodiversity, new research recently published in Nature reveals. The research also shows that biodiversity evolves at rates similar to the pace of plate tectonics, the slow geological processes shaping continents, mountains, and oceans.

          “That is a rate incomparably slower than the current rates of extinction caused by human activity,” said lead author Dr Tristan Salles from the School of Geosciences.

          The research looks back over 500 million years of Earth’s history to the period just after the Cambrian explosion of life, which established the main species types of modern life.

          Dr Salles said: “Earth’s surface is the living skin of our planet. Over geological time, this surface evolves with rivers fragmenting the landscape into an environmentally diverse range of habitats.

          “However, these rivers not only carve canyons and form valleys, but play the role of Earth’s circulatory system as the main conduits for nutrient and sediment transfer from sources (mountains) to sinks (oceans). While modern science has a growing understanding of global biodiversity, we tend to view this through the prism of narrow expertise,” Dr Salles said. “This is like looking inside a house from just one window and thinking we understand its architecture. Our model connects physical, chemical, and biological systems over half a billion years in five-million-year chunks at a resolution of five kilometers. This gives an unprecedented understanding of what has driven the shape and timing of species diversity,” he said. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/tectonic-ta...million-years/
          Alas, our circulatory system is drying up ... and we watch ...

          Global Drought Catastrophe: UN Uncovers “An Unprecedented Emergency on a Planetary Scale”

          The UN’s report on global drought, revealed at COP28, highlights the severe and often overlooked consequences of droughts. It presents alarming data on drought impacts worldwide, including agriculture, water resources, and economic losses. The report calls for urgent action and international cooperation to build global drought resilience through sustainable practices and efficient resource management.

          https://scitechdaily.com/global-drou...anetary-scale/
          Global warming is also an addiction ... excess desires ... clinging ... neurostimulation could help ...

          Unmasking Addiction: Scientists Discover Common Brain Network Among People With Substance Use Disorder

          Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, part of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, have conducted a study indicating the presence of a common brain network in individuals with substance use disorder. This conclusion was drawn from an analysis of data from over 144 studies on addiction.

          The research revealed that regardless of the substance or lesion location, abnormalities in substance use disorders mapped to a shared brain network. This discovery opens up possibilities for targeting this specific brain circuit with neurostimulation therapies. The study’s findings have been published in the journal Nature Mental Health. ...

          ... It also looked at different substances and found the network was common, whether someone was addicted to nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, or heroin. ...

          ... Fox said that despite the extensive data points, narrowing down a specific circuit fills in a gap from previous studies done in the Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, bringing targeted neurostimulation to treat addiction, like transcranial magnetic stimulation, closer to patients in a clinical setting. ... https://scitechdaily.com/unmasking-a...-use-disorder/
          A small study shows another way to treat our excess desires ...

          Recent research indicates that semaglutide, a drug used for diabetes and weight loss, could effectively reduce symptoms of Alcohol Use Disorder.

          ... The paper is titled “Significant Decrease in Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms Secondary to Semaglutide Therapy for Weight Loss: A Case Series.” This collaboration has the potential to impact the lives of individuals struggling with Alcohol Use Disorder. ...


          CRISPR gets more snap ...

          CRISPR’s Hidden Treasures: 188 New Systems Unveiled by Smart Algorithm

          Researchers at MIT, the Broad Institute, and the National Institutes of Health have developed a new search algorithm that has identified 188 kinds of new rare CRISPR systems in bacterial genomes. ...

          By analyzing bacterial data, researchers have discovered thousands of rare new CRISPR systems that have a range of functions and could enable gene editing, diagnostics, and more. ... The scientists found a surprising number and diversity of CRISPR systems, including ones that could make edits to DNA in human cells, others that can target RNA, and many with a variety of other functions. ...


          Using out brains to see our brains better ...

          Brain Imaging Redefined: NexGen 7T MRI Achieves 10x Better Resolution

          Higher resolution will allow neuroscientists to more precisely localize and trace brain networks.

          An intense international effort to improve the resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the human brain has culminated in an ultra-high resolution 7 Tesla scanner that records up to 10 times more detail than current 7T scanners and over 50 times more detail than current 3T scanners, the mainstay of most hospitals.

          BELOW: Cross-sectional diagram of the NexGen 7T scanner, showing the new Impulse head-only gradient coil (green) and receiver-transmit coil (white) resting on a movable bed (brown) and connected to an electronic interface (blue) containing nearly a thousand wires (blue) that extend out of the magnet.


          https://scitechdaily.com/brain-imagi...er-resolution/
          But we really don't need a brain for everything ...

          Brain Not Required: Brittle Stars Showcase Surprising Learning Abilities

          Recent research led by Julia Notar at Duke University reveals that brittle stars, despite lacking brains, can learn through experience. These marine creatures, related to starfish, use their nerve cords to learn by association, a concept demonstrated in classical conditioning. ... “There’s no processing center,” said lead author Julia Notar, who did the research as part of her biology Ph.D. in professor Sönke Johnsen’s lab at Duke University.

          “Each of the nerve cords can act independently,” Notar said. “It’s like instead of a boss, there’s a committee.” ...

          BELOW: This time-lapse video shows a classical conditioning experiment Duke researchers conducted to see if brittle stars – which don’t have brains – could learn. Every time the lights went dim, the researchers put a pipette with a morsel of shrimp in the animals’ tanks. Over time the animals learned that “lights out” was a dinner bell call to come for dinner.


          https://scitechdaily.com/brain-not-r...ing-abilities/
          Are they alive? Art they robots?

          Tiny living robots made from human cells surprise scientists


          Scientists have created tiny living robots from human cells that can move around in a lab dish and may one day be able to help heal wounds or damaged tissue, according to a new study.

          A team at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute have dubbed these creations anthrobots. The research builds on earlier work from some of the same scientists, who made the first living robots, or xenobots, from stem cells sourced from embryos of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). ...

          ... While alive, the anthrobots were not full-fledged organisms because they didn’t have a full life cycle, Levin said.

          “It reminds us that these harsh binary categories that we’ve operated with: Is that a robot, is that an animal, is that a machine? These kinds of things don’t serve us very well. We need to get beyond that.” ...

          ... “In our method, each anthrobot grows from a single cell.”

          It’s this self-assembly that makes them unique. Biological robots have been made by other scientists, but they were constructed by hand by making a mold and seeding cells to live on top of it, Levin said. ...

          ... The multicellular robots, ranging in size from the width of a human hair to the point of a sharpened pencil, were made to self-assemble and shown to have a remarkable healing effect on other cells. The discovery is a starting point for the researchers’ vision to use patient-derived biobots as new therapeutic tools for regeneration, healing, and treatment of disease. ...

          ... The experiments outlined in this latest study are at an early stage, but the goal is to find out whether the anthrobots could have medical applications, Levin and Gumuskaya said. To see whether such applications might be possible, researchers examined whether the anthrobots were able to move over human neurons grown in a lab dish that had been “scratched” to mimic damage.

          They were surprised to see the anthrobots encouraged growth to the damaged region of the neurons, although the researchers don’t yet understand the healing mechanism, the study noted. ...

          ... “By reprogramming interactions between cells, new multicellular structures can be created, analogous to the way stone and brick can be arranged into different structural elements like walls, archways or columns.” The researchers found that not only could the cells create new multicellular shapes, but they could move in different ways over a surface of human neurons grown in a lab dish and encourage new growth to fill in gaps caused by scratching the layer of cells. ...

          BELOW: A swarm of anthrobots ...


          https://us.cnn.com/2023/11/30/world/...scn/index.html
          Another new biomedical tool ...

          The Fast and the Luminous: First Visible Wavelength Femtosecond Fiber Laser Developed

          Researchers have recently developed the first fiber laser capable of producing femtosecond pulses in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This advancement holds potential for various biomedical and material processing applications. The unique feature of these lasers is their ability to produce ultrashort, bright visible-wavelength pulses, a significant step forward in laser technology. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/the-fast-an...ser-developed/
          We are children of bacteria ...

          Sophisticated Microbial Metropolis: Revealing Bacterial Teamwork Across Generations

          When bacteria build communities, they cooperate and share nutrients across generations. Researchers at the University of Basel have now successfully demonstrated this for the first time using a newly developed method. This innovative technique enables the tracking of gene expression during the development of bacterial communities over space and time. ... The development of bacterial communities is a highly complex process where bacteria form intricate three-dimensional structures. In their latest study published on November 16 in the journal Nature Microbiology, the team led by Professor Knut Drescher from the Biozentrum of the University of Basel has investigated the development of bacterial swarm communities in detail. ... This study illustrates the complexity and dynamics within bacterial communities and reveals cooperative interactions among individual bacteria — in favor of the community. The spatial and temporal effects thus play a central role in the development and establishment of microbial communities. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/sophisticat...s-generations/
          Right under our feet ... and maybe martian feet too ...

          Unveiling Earth’s Hidden World: Scientists Map Vast Subsurface Microbial Universe

          If you totaled the mass of all microbes dwelling beneath the Earth’s surface, their combined biomass would surpass that of all life in our oceans.

          However, due to the challenge of accessing these depths, this teeming underground life remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Utilizing a repurposed goldmine in South Dakota’s Black Hills as a laboratory, researchers from Northwestern University have crafted the most comprehensive map yet of these elusive and unusual microbes beneath our feet.

          In total, the researchers characterized nearly 600 microbial genomes — some of which are new to science. Out of this batch, Northwestern geoscientist Magdalena Osburn, who led the study, says most microbes fit into one of two categories: “minimalists,” which have streamlined their lives by eating the same thing all day, every day; and “maximalists,” which are ready and prepared to greedily grab any resource that might come their way. ...

          ... The minimalists, Osburn explained, typically share resources with friends, which also have specialized jobs. ... “Some of these lineages don’t even have genes to make their own lipids, which blows my mind,” Osburn said. “Because how can you make a cell without lipids? It’s sort of like how humans can’t make every amino acid, so we eat protein to get the amino acids that we cannot make on our own. But this is on a more extreme scale. The minimalists are extreme specialists, and all together, they make it work. It’s a lot of sharing and no duplication of effort.” ...

          ... Not only does the new study expand our knowledge of the microbes living deep within the subsurface, it also hints at potential life we someday might find on Mars. Because the microbes live on resources found within rocks and water that are physically separate from the surface, these organisms also potentially could survive buried within Mars’ dusty red depths. ... “I get really excited when I see evidence of microbial life, doing its thing without us, without plants, without oxygen, without surface atmosphere,” she said. “These kinds of life very well could exist deep within Mars or in the oceans of icy moons right now. The forms of life tell us about what might live elsewhere in the solar system.” ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/unveiling-e...bial-universe/
          It is sure easier to preserve species than to put them back ... but I think the dodo is a no go ...

          Not so dead as a dodo: ‘De-extinction’ plan to reintroduce bird to Mauritius

          An audacious collaboration between geneticists and conservationists plans to bring back the extinct dodo and reintroduce it to its once-native habitat in Mauritius.

          US-based biotechnology and genetic engineering company Colossal Biosciences, which is pursuing the “de-extinction” of multiple species, including the woolly mammoth, has entered a partnership with the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation to find a suitable location for the large flightless birds.

          The dodo has been extinct since 1681; a combination of predation by humans and animals introduced by humans led to its downfall, turning it into a textbook case for extinction. But according to the partners, its return to Mauritius could benefit the dodo’s immediate environment and other species. ...

          ... One lingering question is “why?” Why pool resources into recreating a long-dead, flightless bird and sequestering it on an island in the middle of the Indian Ocean?

          Ben Lamm, CEO and co-founder of Colossal, argued that “restoring the dodo gives us the opportunity to create ‘conservation optimism,’ that hopefully inspires people around the globe, specifically the youth, in a time when climate change, biodiversity loss and politics can make things seem hopeless.”

          He added that the techniques pioneered by the dodo project could help restore other avian species. ...

          https://us.cnn.com/dodo-de-extinctio...scn/index.html
          AI, MRI and autism ...

          Pioneering AI Technology Diagnoses Autism in Children Under Two With 98.5% Accuracy

          A groundbreaking AI system now diagnoses autism in children under two years old with 98.5% accuracy using brain MRIs, paving the way for earlier, more effective treatment and management of autism.


          Crystal Clear AI: Revolutionizing the Future of Electronics Manufacturing

          Nagoya University researchers have trained an AI to predict the orientation of crystal grains in polycrystalline materials using optical images, significantly reducing analysis time from 14 hours to 1.5 hours. This advancement, detailed in APL Machine Learning, promises to revolutionize the use of these materials in industries like electronics and solar energy.

          https://scitechdaily.com/crystal-cle...manufacturing/
          HuGE AI Breakthrough: Using Crowdsourced Feedback in Robot Training

          A novel reinforcement learning method, HuGE, developed by MIT, Harvard, and the University of Washington researchers, uses crowdsourced feedback to efficiently teach AI agents complex tasks, showing promising results in both simulations and real-world applications. ...

          ... To teach an AI agent a new task, like how to open a kitchen cabinet, researchers often use reinforcement learning — a trial-and-error process where the agent is rewarded for taking actions that get it closer to the goal.

          In many instances, a human expert must carefully design a reward function, which is an incentive mechanism that gives the agent motivation to explore. The human expert must iteratively update that reward function as the agent explores and tries different actions. This can be time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to scale up, especially when the task is complex and involves many steps. ...

          ... Researchers from MIT, Harvard University, and the University of Washington have developed a new reinforcement learning approach that doesn’t rely on an expertly designed reward function. Instead, it leverages crowdsourced feedback, gathered from many nonexpert users, to guide the agent as it learns to reach its goal.

          While some other methods also attempt to utilize nonexpert feedback, this new approach enables the AI agent to learn more quickly, despite the fact that data crowdsourced from users are often full of errors. These noisy data might cause other methods to fail. ...

          https://scitechdaily.com/huge-ai-bre...obot-training/
          The future, right here in Ibaraki, Japan ...

          World’s biggest experimental nuclear fusion reactor launched in Japan

          The world’s biggest operational experimental nuclear fusion reactor – a technology in its infancy but billed by some as the answer to humanity’s future energy needs – has been inaugurated in Naka, Japan.

          Fusion differs from fission, the technique used in nuclear power plants, by fusing two atomic nuclei instead of splitting one.

          The goal of the JT-60SA reactor is to investigate the feasibility of fusion as a safe, large-scale and carbon-free source of net energy – with more energy generated than is put into producing it.

          The six-storey-high machine, in a hangar in Naka, north of Tokyo, comprises a doughnut-shaped “tokamak” vessel set to contain swirling plasma heated to 200 million degrees Celsius.

          It is a joint project between the European Union and Japan, and is the forerunner for its big brother in France, the under-construction International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).


          https://www.theguardian.com/world/20...hpbvYqg-M081M4
          Bitcoin ... blackchain ... bad ... especially with that drought ...

          Cryptocurrency’s Thirst: A Single Bitcoin Transaction Consumes a Pool’s Worth of Water

          Bitcoin mining’s extensive water use is worsening the global water crisis, especially in drought-prone regions, according to Alex de Vries. He suggests potential solutions, including renewable energy, but notes the challenges in their implementation.

          ... In the Bitcoin network, miners make about 350 quintillion—that is, 350 followed by 18 zeros—guesses every second of the day, an activity that consumes a tremendous amount of computing power.

          “The right answer emerges every 10 minutes, and the rest of the data, quintillions of them, are computations that serve no further purpose and are therefore immediately discarded,” de Vries says.

          During the same process, a large amount of water is used to cool the computers at large data centers. Based on data from previous research, de Vries calculates that Bitcoin mining consumes about 8.6 to 35.1 gigaliters (GL) of water per year in the U.S. In addition to cooling computers, coal- and gas-fired power plants that provide electricity to run the computers also use water to lower the temperature. This cooling water is evaporated and not available to be reused. Water evaporated from hydropower plants also adds to the water footprint of Bitcoin’s power demand.

          ... In total, de Vries estimates that in 2021, Bitcoin mining consumed over 1,600 GL of water worldwide. Each transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain uses 16,000 liters of water on average, about 6.2 million times more than a credit card swipe, or enough to fill a backyard swimming pool. Bitcoin’s water consumption is expected to increase to 2,300 GL in 2023, de Vries says,

          In the U.S., Bitcoin mining consumes about 93 GL to 120 GL of water every year, equivalent to the average water consumption of 300,000 U.S. households or a city like Washington, D.C. ...

          AI, in shy Japan, is even picking our spouses ...

          1 in 4 newlyweds in Japan met on matching apps, equaling workplace encounters: survey

          One in four couples who got married in the past year in Japan met through matching apps, the same proportion as those who met at work, a survey conducted by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co. has found. ... A total of 25% of those who got married in the past year answered they met their spouse through "matching apps" while the same proportion cited "colleagues, seniors or juniors at work." These responses were followed by "introductions by friends or acquaintances" at 13.5%, "school classmates, seniors or juniors" at 9.4%, and "marriage hunting parties or events" at 7.3%. "Introduction of prospective marriage partners" and "pickups" accounted for 1% each.

          The top reasons for those who have used matching apps for marriage, with multiple answers allowed, were "because it is easy to meet people" and "because I can't meet prospective partners at work" at 46.7% each, followed by "because I can choose the partner of my choice," at 41.7%. ...

          https://mainichi.jp/english/articles...0m/0na/013000c
          Gassho, J

          stlah
          Attached Files
          ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

          Comment

          • Kaitan
            Member
            • Mar 2023
            • 545

            This is huge

            GNoME’s discovery of 2.2 million materials would be equivalent to about 800 years’ worth of knowledge and demonstrates an unprecedented scale and level of accuracy in predictions.
            We share the discovery of 2.2 million new crystals – equivalent to nearly 800 years’ worth of knowledge. We introduce Graph Networks for Materials Exploration (GNoME), our new deep learning tool...
            Kaitan - 界探 - Realm searcher
            Formerly known as "Bernal"

            Comment

            • Tai Shi
              Member
              • Oct 2014
              • 3414

              Thank goodness for this opportunity to share my gratitude to our community and to you who have helped us spread this information and help others in need.
              Gassho
              Sat/lah


              Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Pro
              Peaceful, Tai Shi. Ubasoku; calm, supportive, for positive poetry 優婆塞 台 婆

              Comment

              • Jundo
                Treeleaf Founder and Priest
                • Apr 2006
                • 40317


                A unified theory?

                Reimagining the Cosmos: New Theory Unites Einstein’s Gravity With Quantum Mechanics

                A radical theory that consistently unifies gravity and quantum mechanics while preserving Einstein’s classical concept of spacetime is announced today in two papers published simultaneously by UCL (University College London) physicists. ... [The] new theory challenges the foundations of modern physics by suggesting that spacetime is classical, not quantum. This theory predicts larger spacetime fluctuations, impacting object weights. Proposed experiments, like measuring a 1kg mass for weight fluctuations, aim to test this groundbreaking concept, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of gravity and spacetime. ...

                ... The prevailing assumption has been that Einstein’s theory of gravity must be modified, or “quantized,” in order to fit within quantum theory. This is the approach of two leading candidates for a quantum theory of gravity, string theory and loop quantum gravity.

                But a new theory, developed by Professor Jonathan Oppenheim (UCL Physics & Astronomy) and laid out in a new paper in Physical Review X (PRX), challenges that consensus and takes an alternative approach by suggesting that spacetime may be classical – that is, not governed by quantum theory at all. ...

                ... Instead of modifying spacetime, the theory – dubbed a “postquantum theory of classical gravity” – modifies quantum theory and predicts an intrinsic breakdown in predictability that is mediated by spacetime itself. This results in random and violent fluctuations in spacetime that are larger than envisaged under quantum theory, rendering the apparent weight of objects unpredictable if measured precisely enough. ... “In both quantum gravity and classical gravity, spacetime must be undergoing violent and random fluctuations all around us, but on a scale which we haven’t yet been able to detect. But if spacetime is classical, the fluctuations have to be larger than a certain scale, and this scale can be determined by another experiment where we test how long we can put a heavy atom in superposition* of being in two different locations.”

                https://scitechdaily.com/reimagining...tum-mechanics/
                Thick as a brick ...

                New details on a mysterious Milky Way region called ‘The Brick’ reveal it’s even stranger than scientists thought

                ... A box-shaped cloud of opaque dust that lies at the center of our galaxy has long perplexed scientists, and observations that reveal a new detail about its composition are deepening the mystery — possibly upending what’s known about how stars form.

                The cloud, nicknamed “the Brick” for its visual impenetrability and rectangular appearance, was previously estimated to hold more than 100,000 times the mass of the sun. And such a dense blob should be churning out massive new stars, based on researchers’ current understanding of star formation.

                But it’s not.

                The Brick is largely dormant. And the latest observations, made using the James Webb Space Telescope, did not reveal any hidden, young stars. ...

                BELOW: an infrared view of the frenzied scene at the center of our Milky Way and revealing what lies behind the dust. "The Brick" is the dark blob at the center of the image, and the more advanced James Webb Space Telescope is offering researchers a closer look.


                and



                Blowing in the wind ...

                Galactic Gales: Unraveling the Cosmic Winds Shaping Our Universe

                Astronomers using the MUSE instrument on the ESO’s Very Large Telescope, have discovered that galactic winds, which limit galaxy growth and star formation, are a universal phenomenon in galaxies over 7 billion years old. These winds, formed from massive star explosions, are difficult to detect due to their low density but were mapped using magnesium atom emission

                ... Galactic winds are created by the explosion of massive stars. ...


                A Thanksgiving Parade ...

                Galaxies on Parade: The Stunning Stellar Show From Hubble

                This image features an interacting galaxy system known as Arp-Madore 2105-332, which lies about 200 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Microscopium. Like other recent Hubble Pictures of the Week, this system belongs to the Arp-Madore catalog of peculiar galaxies.

                The wonderful quality of this image also reveals several further galaxies, not associated with this system but fortuitously positioned in such a way that they appear to be forming a line that approaches the leftmost (in this image) component of Arp-Madore 2105-332 ...



                Let us hope for a cure ...

                Teen is one of the first in the world to get his genes edited. Why he describes the process as 'cool and freaky'

                CNN's Meg Tirrell sits down with Johnny Lubin, one of the first in the world to try a new kind of medicine that uses a gene-editing tool called CRISPR to offer a potential cure for sickle cell disease.


                https://us.cnn.com/videos/health/202...-cnntm-vpx.cnn
                Another treatment ...

                Reviving Minds: Implant Restores Cognitive Functions After Brain Injury

                A new technique using deep brain stimulation tailored to each patient exceeded researchers’ expectations in treating the cognitive impairments from moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.

                ... After receiving a traumatic brain injury in a car accident, Gina Arata was unable to focus well enough to read. A device implanted in her brain has improved her ability to focus, her memory and her mood. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/reviving-mi...-brain-injury/
                Robot surgeon ...

                Magnetic surgical robot makes international debut in Chile hospital

                A robot that uses powerful magnets to perform less invasive and more efficient surgeries completed its first international procedure, a gallbladder removal, at a public hospital in Chile this week, according to the company that developed the technology.

                The MARS surgical platform at the Luis Tisne hospital in Santiago allows surgeons to "attach a small magnet to organs, like the liver, and use robotic arms with high powered magnets on the patient’s belly to manipulate organs out of the way," according to Levita Magnetics, the California-based start-up that created robot.



                Cellular origami ...

                Cracking the Cellular Code: New Insights Into Protein Folding and Disease Therapies

                A groundbreaking study at UMass Amherst has decoded how sugars attached to proteins guide their correct folding, shedding light on potential treatments for diseases caused by protein misfolding. ... While we often think of diseases as caused by foreign bodies—bacteria or viruses—there are hundreds of diseases affecting humans that result from errors in cellular production of its proteins. A team of researchers led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently leveraged the power of cutting-edge technology, including an innovative technique called glycoproteomics, to unlock the carbohydrate-based code that governs how certain classes of proteins form themselves into the complex shapes necessary to keep us healthy.

                ,,, Scientists once thought that the single code governing life was DNA, and that everything was governed by how DNA’s four building blocks—A, C, G and T—combined and recombined. But in recent decades, it has become clear that there are other codes at work, and especially in building the intricately folded, secreted proteins that are created in the human cell’s protein factory, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane-enclosed compartment where protein folding begins. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/cracking-th...ase-therapies/
                Getting into small jeans via the genes ...

                Outsmarting Obesity: How One Genetic Variant Could Ward Off Weight Gain

                A study by Weill Cornell Medicine shows a genetic variant in the GIP receptor could aid in obesity resistance by enhancing metabolism and insulin release, potentially guiding new treatments.

                A preclinical study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators shows that a specific human genetic variant of a receptor that stimulates insulin release may help individuals be more resistant to obesity. The researchers discovered that this variant behaves differently in the cell which may contribute to more efficient metabolism.

                https://scitechdaily.com/outsmarting...f-weight-gain/
                We are a bunch of dopes ...

                Brain’s Reward Pathway Unlocked: Revealing the Secrets of the Dopaminergic System

                Scientists developed a revolutionary organoid model of the dopaminergic system, providing significant insights into Parkinson’s disease and the long-lasting effects of cocaine on the brain. This model is a promising tool for advancing Parkinson’s disease treatments and understanding the enduring impact of drug addiction.

                https://scitechdaily.com/brains-rewa...nergic-system/
                mRNA is here to stay ...

                Rewriting the Code: Enhancing Safety in Future mRNA Treatments

                Recent studies have highlighted a challenge in mRNA therapeutics: the tendency of cellular machinery to misinterpret modified mRNA sequences, causing unintended immune responses. Researchers are now refining mRNA vaccine designs to prevent these ‘off-target’ effects, ensuring the future safety and effectiveness of these groundbreaking treatments. ... They have identified the sequence within the mRNA that causes this to occur and found a way to prevent ‘off-target’ immune responses to enable the safer design of future mRNA therapeutics. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-t...na-treatments/
                Monkey Brain Baby Brain ...

                Rethinking Evolution: The Surprising Truth About Newborn Brain Development

                A new study challenges the belief that human newborns have significantly less developed brains than other primates. The study found that humans are born at a typical development level for primates, but their brains grow more after birth, leading to the impression of underdevelopment. This discovery alters the understanding of human brain evolution, showing that brain plasticity in humans is likely not due to being born less developed than other primates.

                ... The research challenges a prevailing understanding of evolutionary human brain development. Up to now, because of their helplessness and poor muscle control, it’s long been believed that humans are born with comparatively less developed brains than other primates. This was thought to be the result of an evolutionary compromise so babies’ heads could fit through their mother’s birth canal, which would require them to further develop outside of the womb.

                Based on this understanding, scientists suggested that because humans emerged comparatively underdeveloped, their brains are more malleable in the earliest period of life and more easily affected by environmental stimuli as they grow. It was thought that this underdevelopment at birth encouraged greater brain plasticity, ultimately facilitating human intelligence. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/rethinking-...n-development/
                How our brain became our brain ...

                Redefining Brain Evolution: Unveiling the “Little Brain’s” Role in the Human Cognitive Leap

                Heidelberg University researchers have mapped the cerebellum’s development in humans, mice, and opossums, uncovering its complex structure and significant role in human cognitive evolution. Their findings offer insights into brain development and diseases, with a focus on Purkinje cells and genetic variations over 160 million years. ... The advancement of higher cognitive abilities in humans is predominantly associated with the growth of the neocortex, a brain area key to conscious thinking, movement, and sensory perception. Researchers are increasingly realizing, however, that the “little brain” or cerebellum also expanded during evolution and probably contributes to the capacities unique to humans ... “Although the cerebellum, a structure at the back of the skull, contains about 80 percent of all neurons in the whole human brain, this was long considered a brain region with a rather simple cellular architecture,” explains Prof. Kaessmann. In recent times, however, evidence suggesting a pronounced heterogeneity within this structure has been growing, says the molecular biologist. ...


                https://scitechdaily.com/redefining-...ognitive-leap/
                From head, now to toe ...

                Arch Rivals: How Human Feet Differ From Our Primate Cousins – “Masterpiece of Evolution”

                A comprehensive study reveals new insights into the evolution and complexity of the human foot, focusing on the medial longitudinal arch and its significance in differentiating Homo sapiens from primates. ... The longitudinal arch is a functional adaptation that allows the foot to switch from a shock absorber function to lever during the phases of contact and detachment with the ground, a mechanism that allows us to have an efficient bipedal walk. Despite its importance, however, it is still unclear when this characteristic appeared in the course of our evolutionary history. The topic of “flat feet” complicates the picture even more: it is a widespread condition that consists in a more or less pronounced flattening of the medial longitudinal arch ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/arch-rivals...-of-evolution/
                Bunch of immigrants, send em back ...

                Who Were the First Modern Humans To Settle in Europe? Scientists Shed New Light

                Before the permanent settlement of modern humans in Europe, other human populations migrated from Africa to Europe around 60,000 years ago. However, they did not establish long-term settlements. Around 40,000 years ago, a significant climate crisis, along with a super-eruption from the Phlegraean Fields volcanic region near present-day Naples, led to a decrease in the early European populations. ... To determine who the first modern humans to settle definitively in Europe were, a team led by CNRS scientists analyzed the genome of two skull fragments from the Buran Kaya III site in Crimea dating to 36,000 and 37,000 years ago. By comparing them to DNA sequences from human genome databases, they revealed the genetic proximity between these individuals and both current and ancient Europeans, especially those associated with the Gravettian culture, known for producing female figurines referred to as “Venuses”, whose apogee in Europe came between 31,000 and 23,000 years ago.

                https://scitechdaily.com/who-were-th...hed-new-light/
                Technology on the run ...

                AI Revolution in Neuroscience: Precise Tracking of Neurons in Moving Animals

                A groundbreaking AI method created by EPFL and Harvard scientists allows for efficient tracking of neurons in moving animals, using a convolutional neural network with ‘targeted augmentation’. This significantly reduces manual annotation, accelerating brain imaging research and deepening our understanding of neural behaviors. ... Recent advances allow imaging of neurons inside freely moving animals. However, to decode circuit activity, these imaged neurons must be computationally identified and tracked. This becomes particularly challenging when the brain itself moves and deforms inside an organism’s flexible body, e.g. in a worm. Until now, the scientific community has lacked the tools to address the problem. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/ai-revoluti...oving-animals/
                Google launches Gemini, its most-advanced AI model yet, as it races to compete with ChatGPT

                Google on Wednesday launched its most ambitious effort yet to compete in the rapidly growing field of generative artificial intelligence, launching an AI model known as Gemini that’s designed to compete with the likes of OpenAI’s GPT models and supercharge everything from Google’s consumer apps to Android smartphones.

                The scope of Google’s ambitions were reflected in the company’s announcement, which introduced Gemini as the company’s “largest and most capable AI model” and declared a “Gemini era” that foresees the tech giant’s model being used in every setting, from big companies to consumer devices such as the Google Pixel 8 Pro.

                Unlike existing AI models that typically deal with only one type of user prompt, such as exclusively images or text, Gemini was built to be “multimodal,” Google said. This means it accepts inputs that include multiple types of media, combining text, images, audio, video and programming code.

                ... Wednesday’s launch was also designed to showcase Google’s advances in cloud computing, a critical resource for AI developers. The company said it trained Gemini using a new generation of powerful cloud-based processors that can collectively train large AI models nearly three times faster than the prior version. ...

                In its testing, Google’s Gemini model outperformed rival AI models across more than two dozen benchmarks commonly used by AI researchers to evaluate an algorithm’s reading comprehension, mathematical ability, and multistep reasoning skills, the company said. ...

                https://us.cnn.com/2023/12/06/tech/g...gpt/index.html
                The last of plastic? ...

                New Catalyst Completely Breaks Down Durable Plastic Pollution in Minutes

                New process recovers 99% of monomers (shown here), nylon’s building blocks. After recovering monomers, industry can upcycle nylon into higher-value products. ... Northwestern University chemists have developed a new catalyst that quickly, cleanly, and completely breaks down Nylon-6 in a matter of minutes — without generating harmful byproducts. Even better: The process does not require toxic solvents, expensive materials, or extreme conditions, making it practical for everyday applications. ...

                https://scitechdaily.com/new-catalys...on-in-minutes/
                ... if it is not too late ...

                Life on Earth Is in Danger – New Report Reveals That Earth’s Vital Signs Have Deteriorated to Levels Unprecedented in Human History

                A team of international climate scientists has published a recent report warning of unprecedented environmental threats due to worsening Earth’s vital signs. The report shows alarming climate change indicators and calls for urgent policy changes. It emphasizes the need for an equitable approach to climate action, focusing on reducing overconsumption and emissions, particularly by wealthier nations.

                https://scitechdaily.com/life-on-ear...human-history/
                One small step to a healthier earth ... Meatier non-meat ...

                Scientists Discover Natural Way To Make Plant-Based Meat More “Meaty”

                Recent research reveals that fermenting alliums like onions with fungi can naturally mimic meat flavors, offering a promising solution for enhancing plant-based meat alternatives without synthetic additives.

                Plant-based substitutes like tempeh and bean burgers offer protein-packed choices for individuals looking to cut down on meat. However, mimicking the taste and smell of meat is difficult, and many companies use artificial additives for this purpose. A recent study in ACS’ Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry has revealed a promising solution: onions, chives, and leeks can generate natural compounds similar to meat’s savory flavors when fermented with typical fungi.

                https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-...at-more-meaty/
                And speaking of meat eating ... an announcement from here in Tsukuba ... dog it dog, dinosaur eat dinosaur ...

                Dinosaur fossil finds prey in stomach, first for tyrannosaurid, University of Tsukuba and Hokkaido University

                On the 11th, the University of Tsukuba and Hokkaido University announced that the entire skeleton of a juvenile carnivorous dinosaur, Gorgosaurus, was found with prey left in its stomach. This is the world's first confirmed fossil of a tyrannosaurid with stomach contents. The discovery is direct evidence of the previously unknown feeding habits of juveniles, and supports the hypothesis that their feeding habits change as they grow.

                According to the University of Tsukuba and others, the fossil was discovered in the late Cretaceous period (approximately 75.3 million years ago) in southern Alberta, Canada. It is estimated to be about 4 meters long and between 5 and 7 years old.

                Inside its stomach were the legs of two small dinosaurs. It is believed that the animals were eaten at different times because their digestion was different.

                https://ibarakinews.jp/news/newsdeta...17022935441003
                Gassho, J

                stlah
                ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

                Comment

                • Doshin
                  Member
                  • May 2015
                  • 2641

                  Watching reptiles eat whole prey is eye opening. I am sure Dinosaurs perfected that. They also ate a lot of mammals (our ancestors). The hypothesis is that extinction of Dinosaurs allowed mammals to become us 65 million years later

                  Doshin
                  Stlah

                  Comment

                  • Jundo
                    Treeleaf Founder and Priest
                    • Apr 2006
                    • 40317

                    Originally posted by Doshin
                    Watching reptiles eat whole prey is eye opening. I am sure Dinosaurs perfected that. They also ate a lot of mammals (our ancestors). The hypothesis is that extinction of Dinosaurs allowed mammals to become us 65 million years later

                    Doshin
                    Stlah
                    They did eat us ... and we have visual proof ...


                    Gassho, J

                    stlah
                    ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

                    Comment

                    • Doshin
                      Member
                      • May 2015
                      • 2641

                      Wow. That changes all my evolutionary education. How did they miss that video?

                      Guess my schools weren’t keeping up with new data

                      Doshin
                      Stlah

                      Comment

                      • Jundo
                        Treeleaf Founder and Priest
                        • Apr 2006
                        • 40317

                        This stone battery technology is HOT! ... worth a watch ...

                        Energy storage of the future? 'Hot rocks' in a box

                        A new "thermal battery" prototype in Fresno, California, could be the energy storage of the future.

                        https://us.cnn.com/videos/us/2023/12...kg-ctm-vpx.cnn
                        Celebrating Enceladus ...

                        Life may have everything it needs to exist on Saturn’s moon Enceladus

                        Scientists have long viewed Saturn’s moon Enceladus, which harbors an ocean beneath its thick, icy shell, as one of the best places to search for life beyond Earth.

                        Now, a new analysis of data collected by NASA’s Cassini mission, which orbited Saturn and its moons between 2004 and 2017, has uncovered intriguing evidence that further supports the idea of Enceladus as a habitable ocean world. ... The latest data analysis of Cassini’s flybys of Enceladus revealed the detection of a molecule called hydrogen cyanide that’s toxic to humans but crucial to processes driving the origin of life. What’s more, the team also found evidence to support that Enceladus’ ocean has organic compounds that provide a source of chemical energy that could potentially be used as powerful fuel for any form of life. ...

                        BELOW: Plumes can be seen releasing water vapor and organic compounds into space at the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus.


                        https://us.cnn.com/2023/12/15/world/...scn/index.html
                        This is nicer, even crispier ...

                        A Breakthrough in Genome Editing: How NICER Outperforms CRISPR/Cas9

                        The gene editing technique CRISPR/Cas9 has allowed researchers to make precise and impactful changes to an organism’s DNA to fix mutations that cause genetic disease. However, the CRISPR/Cas9 method can also result in unintended DNA mutations that may have negative effects. Recently, researchers in Japan have developed a new gene editing technique that is as effective as CRISPR/Cas9 while significantly reducing these unintended mutations.

                        ... Researchers led by Osaka University develop a new gene modification technique known as NICER that significantly reduces off-target mutations in DNA. ...

                        https://scitechdaily.com/a-breakthro...s-crispr-cas9/
                        A fiery flare-up ...

                        NASA's images show solar flare that silenced radio signals on Earth


                        https://us.cnn.com/videos/us/2023/12...o-ebof-vpx.cnn
                        Molecular tangle tango ...

                        Quantum Leap: Princeton Physicists Successfully Entangle Individual Molecules for the First Time

                        For the first time, a team of Princeton physicists has been able to link together individual molecules into special states that are quantum mechanically “entangled.” In these bizarre states, the molecules remain correlated with each other—and can interact simultaneously—even if they are miles apart, or indeed, even if they occupy opposite ends of the universe. This research was published in the journal Science.

                        “This is a breakthrough in the world of molecules because of the fundamental importance of quantum entanglement,” said Lawrence Cheuk, assistant professor of physics at Princeton University and the senior author of the paper. “But it is also a breakthrough for practical applications because entangled molecules can be the building blocks for many future applications.”

                        These include, for example, quantum computers that can solve certain problems much faster than conventional computers, quantum simulators that can model complex materials whose behaviors are difficult to model, and quantum sensors that can measure faster than their traditional counterparts.
                        https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-lea...he-first-time/
                        Space Strangeness ...

                        Mysterious fast radio bursts in space keep getting stranger

                        Fast radio bursts, or bright, millisecond-long flashes of radio waves in space, are one of the most enduring mysteries of the cosmos — and they just became a little stranger.

                        The first fast radio burst, or FRB, was discovered in 2007, and since then, hundreds of these quick, intense events have been detected coming from distant points across the universe. In a thousandth of a second, the bursts can generate as much energy as the sun creates in one year or more, according to previous research.

                        But astronomers don’t understand what causes them.

                        Now, scientists have noticed a never-before-seen quirky pattern in a newly spotted repeating fast radio burst called FRB 20220912A. A study published Wednesday in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society details the discovery, which provides valuable clues to researchers aiming to identify the phenomenon’s source while introducing new enigmas to unravel. ... a closer look at the signal revealed something new: a noticeable drop in the center frequency of the bursts, acting like a celestial slide whistle.

                        The dip became even more obvious when the researchers converted the signals into sounds by using notes on a xylophone. High notes correspond to the beginning of the bursts, with low notes acting as the concluding tones. ... Astronomers suspect that some fast radio bursts may originate from magnetars, the powerfully magnetized cores of dead stars. But other research has suggested that collisions between dense neutron stars or dead stars called white dwarfs may be the cause. ...

                        Astronomers observed a new quirky pattern in a mysterious, repeating fast radio burst detected in space that sounds like a celestial slide whistle.

                        Brain airports ...

                        Epilepsy Surgery Reveals Brain’s Secret Highways: The Role of Neural Hubs

                        A University of Iowa-led team of international neuroscientists have obtained the first direct recordings of the human brain in the minutes before and after a brain hub crucial for language meaning was surgically disconnected. The results reveal the importance of brain hubs in neural networks and the remarkable way in which the human brain attempts to compensate when a hub is lost, with immediacy not previously observed.

                        ... Hubs are everywhere. The hub of a bicycle wheel, with spokes shooting out from the center, keeps the wheel from collapsing when the bicycle is ridden. Airport hubs connect cities across the world. And social hubs like coffee shops or online social networks are places people gather for interaction. The human brain has hubs, too – the intersection of many neuronal pathways that help coordinate brain activity required for complex functions like understanding and responding to speech. However, whether highly interconnected brain hubs are irreplaceable for certain brain functions has been controversial. By some accounts, the brain, as an already highly interconnected neural network, can in principle immediately compensate for the loss of a hub, in the same way that traffic can be redirected around a blocked-off city center. ... the researchers showed both the intrinsic importance of the hub as well as the remarkable and rapid ability of the brain to adapt and at least partially attempt to immediately compensate for its loss. The findings were reported recently in the journal Nature Communications.

                        ... “The rapid impact on the speech and language processing regions well removed from the surgical treatment site was surprising, but what was even more surprising was how the brain was working to compensate, albeit incompletely, within this short timeframe,” says Petkov, who also holds an appointment at Newcastle University Medical School in the UK.


                        New neuron news ...

                        Decoding Neuronal Diversity: Study Illuminates Key RNA Edits in Synapse Proteins

                        Neurons are talkers. They each communicate with fellow neurons, muscles, or other cells by releasing neurotransmitter chemicals at “synapse” junctions, ultimately producing functions ranging from emotions to motions. But even neurons of the exact same type can vary in their conversational style. A new open-access study published in the journal Cell Reports by neurobiologists at The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory highlights a molecular mechanism that might help account for the nuanced diversity of neural discourse. ...

                        ... They found that a protein, complexin, plays a vital role in controlling neurotransmitter release. The study showed that RNA editing of complexin results in different versions of the protein, affecting how neurons communicate and grow synapses.

                        https://scitechdaily.com/decoding-ne...apse-proteins/
                        We are hunters ...

                        DNA Tells All: The True Culprits Behind the Fall of Earth’s Largest Beasts

                        For years, scientists have debated whether humans or the climate caused the population of large mammals to decline dramatically over the past several thousand years. A new study from Aarhus University confirms that climate cannot be the explanation. ... By studying the DNA of 139 living species of large mammals, the scientists have been able to show that abundances of almost all species fell dramatically about 50,000 years ago. ... https://scitechdaily.com/dna-tells-a...argest-beasts/
                        Getting old has its advantages ... for evolution ...

                        Why Do We Age? The Surprising Evolutionary Advantage Revealed

                        Researchers used computer models to investigate the evolutionary role of aging. They challenge the notion that aging has no positive function, suggesting it might expedite evolution in changing environments, thereby benefiting subsequent generations. Their findings indicate that aging could be an advantageous trait selected by natural evolution. ...

                        ... After running the model, the Hungarian biologists found that aging can indeed accelerate evolution. This is advantageous in a changing world because the faster adaptation can find the adequate traits more quickly, thereby supporting the survival and spread of descendent genes. This means that senescence can become a really advantageous characteristic and be favored by natural selection.

                        https://scitechdaily.com/why-do-we-a...tage-revealed/
                        That's using your heads!

                        Mysterious Anatomy Unraveled – Stanford Scientists Uncover Location of Starfish’s Head

                        ... a new Stanford study that used genetic and molecular tools to map out the body regions of starfish – by creating a 3D atlas of their gene expression – helps answer this longstanding mystery. The “head” of a starfish, the researchers found, is not in any one place. Instead, the headlike regions are distributed with some in the center of the sea star as well as in the center of each limb of its body. ...

                        “There are 34 different animal phyla living on this planet and in over roughly 600 million years they have all come up with different solutions to the same fundamental biological problems,” Lowe said. “Most animals don’t have spectacular nervous systems and are out chasing prey – they are modest animals that live in burrows in the ocean. People are generally not drawn to these animals, and yet they probably represent how much of life got started.” ...

                        https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-...tarfishs-head/
                        Gassho, J

                        stlah
                        Last edited by Jundo; 12-18-2023, 06:43 AM.
                        ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

                        Comment

                        • Kaitan
                          Member
                          • Mar 2023
                          • 545

                          Stunning picture of Uranus from James Webb telescope

                          https://webbtelescope.org/contents/n...Dlong%20winter.

                          STScI-01HHFNPAHH8T1WG2ZNDXMEW2XS.png

                          Gasshō

                          stlah, Bernal
                          Kaitan - 界探 - Realm searcher
                          Formerly known as "Bernal"

                          Comment

                          • Kaitan
                            Member
                            • Mar 2023
                            • 545

                            Originally posted by Jundo
                            This stone battery technology is HOT! ... worth a watch ...

                            I like the idea of the rocks, so simple, yet promising. I hope they don't seek profit over availability
                            Gasshō
                            stlah, Bernal
                            Kaitan - 界探 - Realm searcher
                            Formerly known as "Bernal"

                            Comment

                            • Jundo
                              Treeleaf Founder and Priest
                              • Apr 2006
                              • 40317

                              Originally posted by nalber3
                              Stunning picture of Uranus ...
                              https://webbtelescope.org/contents/n...Dlong%20winter.

                              [ATTACH=CONFIG]9098[/ATTACH]

                              Gasshō

                              stlah, Bernal
                              I am avoiding the temptation to make a very bad joke ...

                              Gassho, J

                              stlah
                              ALL OF LIFE IS OUR TEMPLE

                              Comment

                              • Jundo
                                Treeleaf Founder and Priest
                                • Apr 2006
                                • 40317

                                Who doesn't love cat videos ... but this one is special ...

                                NASA laser message beams video of a cat named Taters back to Earth, and it’s a big deal

                                A laser communications experiment flying aboard NASA’s Psyche mission has beamed back a video to Earth from nearly 19 million miles (31 million kilometers) away — and the short clip stars a cat named Taters. It’s the first time NASA has streamed a video from deep space using a laser.

                                In the ultra-high definition video, the playful orange tabby cat chases, of all things, the elusive red dot from a laser pointer as it moves across a couch.

                                The cat video was transmitted to Earth from a flight laser transceiver as part of the Deep Space Optical Communications experiment, or DSOC. The technology could one day be used to quickly transmit data, imagery and videos as humans push the limits of space exploration by venturing to places like Mars.

                                The 15-second video was encoded in a near-infrared laser and beamed from the Psyche spacecraft to the Hale Telescope at the California Institute of Technology’s Palomar Observatory. The video was downloaded at the observatory on December 11, and each frame was streamed live at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

                                At the time of the transmission, the distance between the Psyche spacecraft and Hale was 80 times the distance between Earth and the moon. It only took 101 seconds for the laser to each Earth.


                                https://us.cnn.com/2023/12/18/world/...scn/index.html
                                My reaction was ... "WOW!!!" ...

                                Scientists successfully replicate historic nuclear fusion breakthrough three times


                                Scientists in California shooting nearly 200 lasers at a cylinder holding a fuel capsule the size of a peppercorn have taken another step in the quest for fusion energy, which, if mastered, could provide the world with a near-limitless source of clean power.

                                Last year on a December morning, scientists at the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California (LLNL) managed, in a world first, to produce a nuclear fusion reaction that released more energy than it used, in a process called “ignition.”

                                Now they say they have successfully replicated ignition at least three times this year, according to a December report from the LLNL. This marks another significant step in what could one day be an important solution to the global climate crisis, driven primarily by the burning of fossil fuels.

                                https://us.cnn.com/2023/12/20/climat...ate/index.html
                                Might we all be expert neuro-surgeons someday? ...

                                Zap Your Way to Surgical Mastery: Johns Hopkins’ Shocking New Training Technique

                                A study by Johns Hopkins University demonstrates that applying gentle electric currents to the cerebellum enhances the ability of individuals to transfer skills from virtual reality to real-world settings, especially in robotic surgery. This technique, which showed significant improvement in participants’ dexterity and skill application without previous surgical or robotics training, could revolutionize training methods in various high-tech industries, including medicine and robotics.

                                People who received gentle electric currents on the back of their heads learned to maneuver a robotic surgery tool in virtual reality and then a real setting...


                                https://scitechdaily.com/zap-your-wa...ing-technique/
                                Fake Jeans ...

                                Revolutionizing Biology: USC’s Breakthrough in “CReATiNG” Synthetic Chromosomes


                                A groundbreaking new technique invented by researchers at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Science may revolutionize the field of synthetic biology. Known as CReATiNG (Cloning Reprogramming and Assembling Tiled Natural Genomic DNA), the method offers a simpler and more cost-effective approach to constructing synthetic chromosomes. It could significantly advance genetic engineering and enable a wide range of advances in medicine, biotechnology, biofuel production, and even space exploration.

                                https://scitechdaily.com/revolutioni...c-chromosomes/
                                There is dark code within us all ... and it is most of us ...

                                Dark Genome Discovery: Researchers Reveal “Ancient Genetic Parasite” Implicated in Human Diseases

                                Research published on December 14 in Nature sheds light on a small part of the so-called “dark genome” — the 98 percent of the human genome whose biological function is largely not known.

                                In this case, an international multidisciplinary team reported the first high-resolution images and structural details of a genetic element known as LINE-1, which inserts itself into the human genome and is implicated in diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegeneration, and even aging.

                                ... LINE-1 is described in the paper as an “ancient genetic parasite” with about 100 potentially active copies in each person. LINE-1 activity is often correlated with disease.

                                Unlike DNA, which makes RNA and then proteins, retrotransposons like LINE-1 work backward, making DNA from RNA and then inserting it into the genome. [] The enzyme needed for this process is called LINE-1 reverse transcriptase, or LINE-1 RT.


                                Maybe AI will figure the "dark genome" out ...

                                Automating Scientific Discovery: Carnegie Mellon’s AI Coscientist Transforms Lab Work

                                Carnegie Mellon’s AI system, Coscientist, autonomously conducts chemistry experiments, significantly advancing scientific research. By using large language models and automating the experimental process, it offers a new level of efficiency and accessibility in scientific research, with an emphasis on safety and ethical use ...

                                ... For example, a scientist could ask Coscientist to find a compound with given properties. The system scours the Internet, documentation data, and other available sources, synthesizes the information, and selects a course of experimentation that uses robotic application programming interfaces (APIs). The experimental plan is then sent to and completed by automated instruments. In all, a human working with the system can design and run an experiment much more quickly, accurately, and efficiently than a human alone. ...

                                How LLM learns ...

                                In a Striking Discovery, AI Shows Human-Like Memory Formation

                                An interdisciplinary team has found that AI models, particularly the Transformer, process memory in a manner similar to the human brain’s hippocampus. This breakthrough suggests that applying neuroscience principles, like those of the NMDA receptor, to AI can improve memory functions, advancing the field of AI and offering insights into human brain function. ... The NMDA receptor is like a smart door in your brain that facilitates learning and memory formation. When a brain chemical called glutamate is present, the nerve cell undergoes excitation. On the other hand, a magnesium ion acts as a small gatekeeper blocking the door. Only when this ionic gatekeeper steps aside, substances are allowed to flow into the cell. This is the process that allows the brain to create and keep memories, and the gatekeeper’s (the magnesium ion) role in the whole process is quite specific.

                                ... The team made a fascinating discovery: the Transformer model seems to use a gatekeeping process similar to the brain’s NMDA receptor [see Figure 1]. This revelation led the researchers to investigate if the Transformer’s memory consolidation can be controlled by a mechanism similar to the NMDA receptor’s gating process.

                                https://scitechdaily.com/in-a-striki...ory-formation/
                                But more down to earth ... although in the sky ...

                                This cargo plane flew with no pilot on board

                                One of the world’s most widely used cargo planes completed an entire flight with no one on board for the first time.

                                Lasting approximately 12 minutes in total, the flight departed from Hollister Airport, in Northern California, and was operated by Reliable Robotics, which has been working since 2019 on a semi-automated flying system in which the aircraft is controlled remotely by a pilot.


                                https://us.cnn.com/travel/cessna-car...ntl/index.html
                                But AI also overdoes ...

                                Rite Aid’s ‘reckless’ use of facial recognition got it banned from using the technology in stores for five years

                                Rite Aid has agreed to a five-year ban from using facial recognition technology after the Federal Trade Commission found that the chain falsely accused customers of crimes and unfairly targeted people of color.

                                The FTC and Rite Aid reached a settlement Tuesday after a complaint accused the chain of using artificial intelligence-based software in hundreds of stores to identify people Rite Aid “deemed likely to engage in shoplifting or other criminal behavior” and kick them out of stores – or prevent them from coming inside.

                                But the imperfect technology led employees to act on false-positive alerts, which wrongly identified customers as criminals. In some cases, the FTC accused Rite Aid employees of publicly accusing people of criminal activity in front of friends, family and strangers. Some customers were wrongly detained and subjected to searches, the FTC said.

                                https://us.cnn.com/2023/12/20/tech/r...ent/index.html
                                This will never be comprehensive ... but it is a start ...

                                Biden administration takes first step toward writing key AI standards

                                ... The agency is developing guidelines for evaluating AI, facilitating development of standards and provide testing environments for evaluating AI systems. The request seeks input from AI companies and the public on generative AI risk management and reducing risks of AI-generated misinformation. ... NIST is working on setting guidelines for testing, including where so-called "red-teaming" would be most beneficial for AI risk assessment and management and setting best practices for doing so.

                                External red-teaming has been used for years in cybersecurity to identify new risks, with the term referring to U.S. Cold War simulations where the enemy was termed the "red team."

                                https://www.reuters.com/technology/b...ds-2023-12-20/
                                Glass that shoots heat into space ...

                                A New Weapon Against Climate Change – Scientists Develop “Cooling Glass” That Blasts Building Heat Into Space

                                Researchers from the University of Maryland have created an innovative “cooling glass” designed to reduce indoor temperatures without using electricity. This groundbreaking material functions by tapping into the chill of outer space.

                                The new technology, a microporous glass coating described in a paper published in the journal Science, can lower the temperature of the material beneath it by 3.5 degrees Celsius at noon, and has the potential to reduce a mid-rise apartment building’s yearly carbon emissions by 10%, according to the research team led by Distinguished University Professor Liangbing Hu in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. ... The coating works in two ways: First, it reflects up to 99% of solar radiation to stop buildings from absorbing heat. More intriguingly, it emits heat in the form of longwave infrared radiation into the icy universe, where the temperature is generally around -270 degrees Celsius, or just a few degrees above absolute zero.

                                In a phenomenon known as “radiative cooling,” space effectively acts as a heat sink for the buildings; they take advantage of the new cooling glass design along with the so-called atmospheric transparency window—a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that passes through the atmosphere without boosting its temperature—to dump large amounts of heat into the infinite cold sky beyond. (The same phenomenon allows the earth to cool itself, particularly on clear nights, although with much less intense emissions than those from the new glass developed at UMD.)

                                https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-weapo...at-into-space/
                                A cancer cure for a buck?

                                The $1 Cure: How Programmable Bacteria Are Reshaping Cancer Therapy


                                What if a single one-dollar dose could cure cancer?

                                A multi-university team of researchers, supported by federal funding, is developing a highly efficient bacterial therapeutic to target cancer more precisely to make treatment safer through a single $1 dose. ...

                                ... Drs. Arum Han, Jim Song and Chelsea Hu are developing synthetic programmable bacteria for immune-directed killing in tumor environments (SPIKEs). The idea is to engineer bacteria to help T cells kill cancerous tissue, destroy itself once the cancer is gone, and leave the body safely as human waste. ... “SPIKEs can specifically target tumor cells,” said Han, the Texas Instruments Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. “And since it’s only targeting cancerous tissue and not the surrounding healthy cells, the safety of the patient is exponentially increased. It’s a great honor to be on this team, tackling a major health problem that affects a lot of people.”

                                Han’s lab is developing high-throughput microfluidic systems that can rapidly process and screen massive bacterial therapeutic libraries, one cell at a time, to quickly identify the most promising treatments. These systems are enabled by integrating microfabrication methods and biotechnology to achieve a pico-liter-volume liquid handling system that can accurately analyze single cells with high precision and high speeds, creating devices to analyze individual cells quickly.

                                “The major challenge is figuring out how to actually develop these sophisticated microdevices that allow us to conduct millions and millions of fully automated tests with almost no manual or human intervention,” Han said. “That’s the engineering challenge.”

                                https://scitechdaily.com/the-1-cure-...ancer-therapy/
                                Gassho, J

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